Night driving is responsible for thousands of accidents a year, and many of the UK’s road deaths. Here is a quick and straight-forward guide to making sure that your after-dark journey does not end in disaster.

Why is night driving dangerous?

Because there are fewer cars on the road at night there are fewer accidents after dark than during the day. However, the proportion of fatalities caused by night driving is much higher. According to the AA, the main causes of these night accidents are tiredness, inattention, driving whilst under the influence and reduced visibility. Darkness also means depth perception is reduced, which can cause impaired judgment and delayed reflex actions.

How do our eyes work at night?

When you walk out of a brightly-lit place, such as your own living room, it can take up to 30 minutes before your eyes start working at even 80 per cent efficiency again. It can take double that for your night vision to be at its best. Approximately one in five adults has defective vision – from mild short-sightedness to night-blindness. Motorist who find night driving a severe strain on their eyes should consult a doctor or optician, and consider avoiding night driving all together.

Busy eyes see better

When you are driving at night, try not to focus at a single distance because this increases eye fatigue. Instead glance around at different distances and focus on objects on the edge of your headlight beam. A poorly-lit object is easiest to see if you focus slightly to one side of it – peripheral vision is less affected by poor light than central vision.

Reduce your speed

It goes without saying that you always should drive slower at night. A good rule of thumb is to never drive beyond your range of vision – that is, you should be able to stop under within the length of road illuminated by your headlights. Therefore, if you are driving with low or dipped beams you must reduce your speed commensurably. Following distances should also be increased, and the car ahead should be kept in the far limit of light from a dipped beam.

Don’t blind other drivers

Always dip your headlights before an approaching car comes within range. If the other driver fails to realize you are approaching, flick the beam back to high for an instant before dipping it again. Do not keep the high beam on – having two blinded drivers instead of one just doubles the risk. When approaching a car traveling in the opposite direction on a right-hand bend, remember to dip the beam early. Otherwise it will sweep across the curve and blind the other driver. Conversely, on a left-hand turn your headlights shine away from approaching traffic. However, it is good road manners to always dip your lights when another motorist approaches.

Make sure your headlights point the right way

Headlights should be adjusted periodically, especially when your car is loaded more heavily than usual – this adjustment can be done at a garage. Having passengers in the back seat or heavy items in the boot can cause a dipped beam to shine too far ahead. This has the double disadvantage of dazzling oncoming drivers and failing to properly light the road. Always remember to reconfigure the beams when driving with a normal load again. Likewise, always adjust your tyre pressure before loading your car before holiday traveling.

July 24th, 2010 by in Smart Night Vision Articles | No Comments

Surveillance Camera Basics

In the past, the security-monitoring systems has usually as an extension of a security alert. Now most of the structures are part of the security system at home. Surveillance camera allows buyers inspection or monitoring of services, the ability to check your% u2019s outside and inside the premises. When used in conjunction with alarm, the house is in a position to visually monitor the area that triggered the alarm, to see if the problem really a threat, whether it is a false alarm. Monitoring systems can be used for less dangerous situations, as you see, who at the door because the kids get together, or because the child in daycare.
In the world of technology, the integration of home control systems such as cable, cameras, supports, monitors and controls. This chapter is one of these devices and their principles.
Control Equipment
The main elements of a video surveillance system
Camcorder
Video Monitor
Video Switches
Cables and Connectors
Video surveillance is a natural extension of internal security. However, it is necessary to install surveillance cameras and video equipment.

Reference This section focuses on the camera. Other parts of the video surveillance (screens, switches and cables) is covered in Chapter 24
Video surveillance system with the same technology to deliver video over the house, where the modulator to send video signals from sources such as a VCR or DVD player to send to as many TVs. The main difference between CCTV and a cable or satellite TV is the source of the video images. When the safety control system, source of the image from one or more cameras throughout the inside or placed outside the home.
Technology used in video surveillance systems is a closed E-TV and CCTV systems. Because the links to the video surveillance system at home by a local camera surveillance and recording device, the cycle as a loop or a ring.
Camcorder
Video surveillance system, various devices such as cameras, which have in style, focal length, compared with outdoor furniture, and certainly includes the price, we talk House Styles
Type and style of the camera, a security system used at home depends on the location and the corresponding field of vision. There are five basic types of cameras to choose from:
The board camera equipment is designed for the use of hidden cameras and make use of them goods such as walls, books or other items that may be hidden. Cameras on the train are usually on the outside.
This type of camera housing with the camera takes its name from its shape Case is waterproof and allows a camera on the external surfaces. Some models have the option to increase the area.
Camera Bullet Camera its name, its elongated shape. Bullet Camera is available in a variety of sizes and capacities are available, ranging from large  cameras outside of the ultra-compact camera. Standard (large) is usually in the building of the company used internal and external security.
Dome camera domes are common in shops, casinos and other commercial structures. Domes are usually offer the ability, the bread to 360 degrees in the region again. Dome cameras can be installed in your home, but it is easier to install in the new building.

July 24th, 2010 by in Smart Night Vision Articles | No Comments

There are a lot of great Christmas toys for boys. There are so many that you may not know which ones to buy. So, what I’m going to do is share with you a list of some of the best Christmas toys for boys. That way, you can get your guys the best gifts this year.

The Christmas toys for boys are:

1. EyeClops Night Vision Infrared Stealth Goggles. These goggles are awesome. They allow you to see at night. The only drawback is that you can only see out of one eye. However, it’s still pretty cool. This will make a great gift for boys.

2. Nerf N-Strike Vulcan EBF-25 Blaster. This is another great gift for boys. Nerf toys are fun. If you have ever gotten your boys some Nerf toys before, you know how much fun they have with this toy. You should get this toy for your guys.

3. Kent Super Scooter. The Kent Super Scooter is another great Christmas toy for boys. This is a scooter that a lot of guys want this year. It’s a great gift that will make any guy happy.

4. LEGO Mindstorm NXT. The Lego Mindstorm is another great gift for guys. It’s fun and educational, which is why a lot of parents are buying this toy for their boys.

5. Xbox 360 Console. This is a great game system that a lot of boys want this year for Christmas. There are a lot of games that are fun for guys to play with. Also, there are a lot of games that you will enjoy playing with your boys.

You will surprise your boys if you get this for them along with some games you would like to play with them. You will really make this year exciting for your boys.

These are some of the best Christmas toys for boys. If you want to see your boys excited this year, you should get the gifts above. They will give you the biggest hug on Christmas day. They will love these gifts.

July 22nd, 2010 by in Smart Night Vision Articles | No Comments

Surveillance cameras (wireless or wired) are great for finding out at the door or nosing around the garage, or whose mutt is digging up your vegetable garden. But until lately only the rich and famous could afford security cameras. Now you can purchase and install your own wireless color camera security system for just a few hundred dollars.

Home security cameras can be bought over the Internet from numerous online home security companies. Whenever newcomers to online commerce prepare to make a purchase, they often balk at the idea of giving their credit card information. The idea that someone may be looking in and viewing the transaction is the primary fear.

Buying Home Security Cameras Is Safe

Buying home security cameras online is not a risky thing to do. However, it should be said that online deception does exist. That’s why it is vital to check what type of payment processing technology a retailer employs and any other cyber-security features.

If a customer is interested in video surveillance systems or miniature spy cameras, any of these home security cameras can be bought online safely using the right web site. Software that encrypts your credit card and personal information is a good bet. That’s because this technology makes it impossible for a third party to view.

However, if this still causes qualms, then don’t worry. Any product can still be bought the old-fashioned way, by writing a check or money order. Just fill out the general information on the website, and mail in the payment.

July 20th, 2010 by in Smart Night Vision Articles | No Comments

“Prosperity: The eternal flow of all that’s good in life…”

By Carl “J.C.” Pantejo, Copyright December 2007

(Author “My Friend Yu – The Prosperity Mentor,” Copyright August 2007. Pantejo – Y.N. Vurce Publishing.)

*Below is the fourth episode in a series of real life events experienced by the author. The only deviations from the truth may be the names of people and places. These stories are also incorporated in “My Friend Yu – the Prosperity Mentor: Book II,” Pantejo – Y.N. Vurce Publishing. Release Date: Early 2008.

Mutually celebrate the triumphs, my friends. And marvel at the benevolence of the all-knowing, Original Substance (God, the Universe, the One, etc.).

In “Experiences from ‘The Flow’ (1), (2), and (3)”, I went through heartbreak, worked past the misery, completed a Grief Letter, enjoyed a partial recovery, relapsed, and then had an amazing encounter with a remarkable woman named Songsana (a beautiful Asian News Reporter).

The uncanny resemblance between Songsana and the main female character in the book “My Friend Yu – The Prosperity Mentor” – a book I wrote over six months PRIOR to meeting Songsana – is a delightful mystery to me.

Luck? Maybe. Fate? Probably (hopefully).

- THE SEARCH, THE DESPAIR -

It was the day after the High School Sports event.

Meeting Songsana yesterday was exactly what I needed to cure my relapse into post-breakup depression.

But it was a bitter/sweet experience.

I was still angry (at myself). I could kick myself for leaving her at the Stadium without exchanging contact information.

I couldn’t call her. And I didn’t know where she and her News Team were staying in Thailand. I couldn’t even call her after she returned back to her home country (Vietnam).

I decided to search the internet for some way, any way to contact her.

All day – in between classes – at work, I Googled every permutation of her name that I could think of; her country’s news stations, the parent German News Company that owned her news show; plus the “Information” and “Yellow Pages” of Vietnam. Zilch, nada – nothing.

All attempts at finding Songsana on the net proved futile.

Discouraged, I couldn’t think of any other way to find her and was forced to give up the search.

“This will be THE BIGGEST ONE THAT GOT AWAY!” I thought.

I was resigned to my fate.

And sullen, I accepted the situation: There’s no way to find Songsana and I will probably never see her again.

That night, I did an extra long treadmill run and weight workout. It helped me deal with my frustration and sadness over the “Search for Songsana debacle”…

- THE HAND -

Whenever I think it’s hopeless, the Universe always steps in. The impossible becomes possible, despair turns into hope, and love shines through the clouds. And with its benevolent, gentle hand I’m nudged back on course towards my destiny, my own personal path.

Carl “J.C.” Pantejo (Dec 2007)

…After exercising to pre-exhaustion and rehydrating with copious amounts of beer, I managed to collapse into a semi-coma, sleeping well into the morning.

Luckily, I had enough forethought to set my clock, T.V., and mobile phone alarms before my sole drinking session began last night. After letting the alarms sound off for a good five minutes, I dragged myself out of bed, gulped down two cups of java, showered, shaved, hopped on my motorcycle, and made it to work with 3 minutes to spare.

Although I didn’t have a bad hangover, I still felt a little weak and wobbly – like an alien had sucked the life force out of me.

And I was starving.

Most of my colleagues were already teaching, but today I had the first period off – perfect for eating a slow, relaxing breakfast. Slogging down to the school cafeteria, I bought a typical Thai breakfast (spicy, fried hamburger, peppers, string beans, eggs, and rice).

I slipped into the teachers’ lounge/dining room. It was already full of Thai teachers chatting away at each other, lazily enjoying their bowls of soup, rice, and plates of vegetables and fruit. They were used to me and acknowledged me with a respectful “Wai” (hands together, prayer like, and touching the thumbs to the chin) or simply nodded. Then they went back to their chatter.

- THE MIRACLES CONTINUE -

I don’t like eating alone, so I scanned the dining area to see if any of my friends had a class canceled and decided to eat breakfast.

Then, at the other end of the dining room, I saw the back of someone new. When she turned and spoke to the person sitting next to her, I saw the profile of her face. I blinked twice and did a “Double Take.”

I must be hallucinating!

Like a zombie with tunnel vision, I slowly rose from my chair and walked unobtrusively towards the “apparition.”

“Songsana? Is that you?” I said tentatively.

“J.C.! There you are! I was here at your school yesterday, but I couldn’t find you. We’re (the News Crew) taking some footage of Takraw (the popular “volleyball-by-foot” sport of Asia) practice,” she said, with her trademark, golden smile and extended hand.

With a shocked look (and gaping mouth), I shook her hand with both of mine – all the while barely believing that she was here!

Stuttering like one of my High School students, I said, “I didn’t give you my number at the Sports Stadium. I…uh…searched the net all day yesterday for some way to contact you, but nothing came up. I tried every keyword I could think of. But…I…umm…anyway, I’m so happy to see you! I thought that I’d never…well…I gave up on…Oh hell, can I have your e-mail or phone number?”

“Sure. Here’s my business card,” she said.

Glancing at it, I could see her work and phone numbers, her e-mail address, and her company’s logo.

“This is my second chance. I’m not losing this!”

Smiling, I slipped her card into my shirt pocket, pressed it hard against my heart, and winked at Songsana.

She giggled and smiled.

“Thanks Songsana. I’d love to sit down and talk, but I have to go teach now. Maybe we can hook up before the workday’s over? If not, I’ll call or e-mail you real soon, okay?” I said, grinning from ear-to-ear. (I know my face must’ve been flushed.)

“Jeez! I’m feeling like a 17 year old kid again!” I thought.

“Okay. See ya,” she said, cheerfully.

It wasn’t until then that I realized that everyone in the room – Thai teachers and Camera Crew alike – had stopped eating and talking to observe the reunion between Songsana and me. When we ended our conversation the whole dining room was silent, with all eyes on us. The look of surprise/confusion was painted on all of their faces.

I wasn’t embarrassed at all. To me, this second, unplanned meeting was a blatant sign from the Universe. I truly believed that, for some reason, Songsana and I were supposed to cross paths (and not lose touch with each other)…

- MURPHY’S LAW -

“Murphy’s Law: What CAN go wrong, WILL go wrong!”

…I went about my normal teaching day on Cloud 9. All my students noticed how happy I was. Some of the more playful (and insightful) ones were spot on, hitting the nail on the head with comments like “Oooo-ooh, teacher has a new girlfriend.”

Well aware of my recent “find/loss/find” experience, all my friends chided me, saying that I always had all the luck – especially with love and women.

Unfortunately, Songsana and I had full schedules. We smiled and waved to each other as I went from class to class and she went from interview to interview. We both were so busy that more time together today would probably be impossible.

But that was okay. I planned to call her as soon as I got home. Then we could talk (or meet) privately.

After a busy workday and a quick workout, I found myself at home rifling through my gym bag for the shirt with Songsana’s business card. Finding it, I placed it on my computer desk. As a backup, I wanted to enter the data into my laptop. While it was booting up, I went to the fridge and grabbed a beer. I returned to the laptop and entered the business card’s information.

Entering the data, I realized that all the contact numbers were international phone numbers – no local, Thailand numbers.

“No worries. I’ll just e-mail her,” I thought.

I wrote a nice “Hello, How are you? Here’s my phone number” e-mail and pressed the send key. Thinking all was well, I sat back and continued to drink my beer. My mind was filled with hundreds of questions for her.

Then it happened.

A “Warning: Mail Delivery Failure” message appeared on my screen. I pulled up the recently sent e-mail, rechecked and retyped Songsana’s e-mail address and sent it again – same, same: “Warning: Mail Delivery Failure.” I logged onto an alternate e-mail service and tried again.

No joy.

FOR PETE’S SAKE! I’VE LOST HER AGAIN! PROBABLY FOR GOOD THIS TIME!

Now I was really angry. Instead of rushing off to class this morning, why didn’t I at least scribble my number on a napkin for Songsana? Why didn’t I give her my number during our three “drive-by’s” in the hallway today?

This sucks!

I called all the numbers on the business card.

No dice. Most of the numbers were not answered – including Songsana’s home number. There was one line answered, but the person on the other end spoke no English (and I don’t speak Vietnamese).

This REALLY SUCKS!

Feeling forlorn, I allowed negativity to set in. Maybe I was wrong? Maybe we WEREN’T meant to get to know each other afterall? Maybe this Finding-Losing-Finding, then Losing again game was the Universe’s sick idea of a joke?

Since I didn’t know when and where Songsana would be during the rest of her assignment in Thailand, my only recourse was to wait until she returned home (around Christmas, five weeks away) and try to reach her using the international home phone number on the business card.

“Hell, if that doesn’t work, I’ll just show up in her city on my next long weekend and ask around for her!”

And with that thought, I accepted that I’d lost Songsana AGAIN!

- LONGSHOT -

It had been a few days since my phone and e-mail failures. I was busy getting ready to go teach my Adult English class held on Sunday afternoons at a local Language Institute.

Then my mobile phone rang. It was my friend Ed (another foreign English teacher at the High School). Ed was a close friend. He knew the whole Found/Lost etc. story.

“Hey J.C. How are you? Listen, I might be wrong, but I heard from one of our Thai teachers that there’s a Takraw match between our school and a Vietnamese school sometime this weekend. I’m not sure if it was yesterday or today. And I don’t know the time it’s supposed to happen either. Anyway, I thought you’d like to know,” Ed said – trying to instill some kind of hope.

“Thanks a lot buddy. I’ll check it out on the way to my Sunday job,” I said (politely, but with not much enthusiasm).

In Thailand schools, especially Government schools, rumored– and even “hard scheduled” – events rarely materialized as planned. All things at the school seemed to proceed according to the whim of the school’s Principal and executive staff. Us “grunts” (the teachers) were routinely left in the dark until the last second.

Oh, what the hell. I guess it couldn’t hurt to leave 20 minutes early and pass by the school – just in case.

- MIRACLES PART II -

Driving up to the school, I didn’t see much fanfare going on. I parked my motorcycle and walked to the sports building.

Outside was no evidence of any eminent big sports match.

The parking lot wasn’t full. I could hear no cheering from the top floor basketball/badminton/Takraw courts. No families and friends of players were loitering around the nearby food stalls.

Immediately outside the building was a booth for government voting registration. Inside, on the first floor, was a very vocal PTA meeting (as usual, there was a heated debate going on between a teacher and a parent).

With no elevators in this five-story building, I was wondering if the climb to the top floor was worth it.

I decided that since I’d come this far, I should at least make doubly sure that: 1) There really is no Takraw match; and 2) Songsana and the Camera Crew were long gone (probably covering another high-profile event).

On the way up the stairs, I saw some of my students. I tried to ask them if there was any sports event today, but their rudimentary English skills (and my lame Thai language skills) prevented any meaningful communication between us.

Reaching the fourth floor, I was beginning to think that I was wasting my time.

I stomped up the last flight of stairs and was met by another three students.

They all gave me a respectful Wai and one of them said, “Good morning teacher. Going to watch the Takraw match today?”

“No, I have to teach at another place soon. But is the International News Crew from Vietnam here today?” I asked.

“Mai Roo (I don’t know),” they said (in unison).

Walking into the gymnasium, I saw a couple of Physical Education teachers assembling the Takraw nets.

“When is the game?” I asked.

“Bai nueng (1:00PM). Gin kao (Did you eat/Have you eaten?).”

“Mai chai (no). Tang gnarm (working/Going to work),” I said.

- MIRACLE NUMBER THREE: ONE MORE TIME -

Songsana walked in from the fifth storey balcony. The sunlight behind her created a halo effect, making her appear more angelic than normal.

Trying not to sound desperate (and failing miserably), I said, “Songsana! Thank God, you’re here. I couldn’t send any e-mail messages to the address on your business card. And I don’t have a local phone number for you. HERE’S MINE!” Then I quickly scribbled my phone number and e-mail address on the back of an old 7-11 receipt from the bottom of my gym bag and handed it to her.

“Sorry. Sometimes the business e-mail address gets screwed up – too much SPAM, I guess. Anyway, thanks for your number. Are you staying to watch the game? We’re shooting the last scenes for our documentary today,” she said, trying to conceal her excitement about seeing me again – and failing miserably too. The smile was genuine and beautiful.

Regaining a little of my composure back, I said, “No. I’m sorry. I have to go to my weekend teaching job now. Please, please don’t lose my number and e-mail address!”

Then I hurried off to the Adult English class.

I arrived at the Language Institute a little late, but it didn’t matter. I had found Songsana – AGAIN.

- HAPPY ENDINGS – CAN’T COUNT THE MIRACLES -

During a break in the Adult English class, I looked at my mobile phone.

There was one message: “Hi J.C. It’s me Songsana. This is my local number while I’m in Thailand. It was great to see you again today. Sorry we didn’t have time to talk. Here’s my personal e-mail address…”

(EPILOGUE: I can’t count the miracles. I lost and found Songsana several times. But the Universe wouldn’t allow me to lose her forever; nudging me back towards her whenever I strayed off course.

This story has a happy ending. She is busy with her T.V. and News career and I am busy fulfilling my teaching contract. To this day, Songsana and I text, e-mail, and call each other on a daily basis. We plan on getting together very, very soon…)

Your Friend in this Intrepid Journey called Life,

Carl “J.C.” Pantejo

“Until next time, find ‘The Flow’ and jump in!”

Note: If you want to read more about overcoming heartbreak, unconditional love, exorcising past personal demons, and the Illusive Secret of Happiness, please read the following articles:

“Experiences from ‘The Flow’: From Heartbreak to Happiness”

“Experiences from ‘The Flow’ (2): Coincidence or Synchronicity: FROM RELAPSE TO MIRACLES…”

“Experiences from ‘The Flow’ (3): LOST AND FOUND – Kindred Spirits and Mistakes made in Haste.”

“How Dare She! Out of Desperation I Learned How to Forgive”

“Remember Who You Are!”

“Need to Heal Your Broken Heart? Read on. Overcome Heartbreak and Learn the Illusive Secret of Happiness.”

(By Carl “J.C.” Pantejo and published internet-wide, keyword: [title of article] or “Carl Pantejo”)

Pantejo@ynvurcepublishing.com

July 20th, 2010 by in Smart Night Vision Articles | No Comments

To the typical person, military binoculars seem like a useless frivolity. Why spend hundreds if not thousands more on a product that does the exact same thing as its cheaper counterparts? This criticism is especially ripe in today’s economy. With high unemployment and stagnant wages, it seems that buying an expensive pair of binoculars is a case of conspicuous consumption.

Remember, binoculars have many moving parts. The lenses are typically brittle. And if you’re outdoors hunting or bird-watching, it wouldn’t be out of the question for you to accidentally drop some equipment. Durability is especially important because wear-and-tear is just a fact of life in these type of conditions. And military equipment is famed for its ruggedness. After all, it is designed to function under battle conditions. So buying a pair of military binoculars can in many ways be a way to save money. If you buy a cheap pair, it might only last a year or two if you are constantly putting it in stressful conditions. Why not buy something that cost several times as much but last you a life time?

Also, this type of equipment tends to have many features that aren’t typically available on regular models. For one, magnification tends to be extremely strong. And many have night vision capabilities. This is especially important for people who like to hunt at night.

Military binoculars seem like a waste of money. For most people this is probably true. They cost several times as much as just a regular pair. But for some hobbyists, they are a great investment.

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July 20th, 2010 by in Smart Night Vision Articles | No Comments

Night vision demonstration on Lake Lewisville in Lewisville Texas. This was taken at 11:30 AT NIGHT WHILE NAVIGATING DANGEROUS WATERS.

July 20th, 2010 by in Smart Night Vision Videos | Comments (2)

 When you first begin to go coyote hunting, there are a few things that you can do to help improve your results. The first thing you should do is find a good location. If you can, hunt in locations that are popular for having a large population of coyotes. Ask around to other hunters and see if they have been seeing or hearing them. Another option is to see if any farmers are dealing with coyote problems on their ranch. If these options are not available where you live, find the nearest public hunting land to do your hunting. You can always ask landowners for permission to hunt as well, most people will be glad to get rid of some coyotes.

You also want to make sure you hunt at a time that coyotes are most likely to come. I believe hunting at night is the best, but this can also be more a of a challenge because you cannot see. Night hunting requires a spotlight or night vision goggles. If this is not an option for you, I would suggest you hunt early in the morning. Any time before about 10 am has been the best in my experience. You can call coyotes at any time of the day, but I have always had the best results during early morning hunts.

The last thing on your list should be the your calling mechanism. I always prefer an electronic call box over mouth calls for several reasons. For one, they sound more realistic and don’t require blowing into it. Second, you can place them away from you so that the coyotes won’t be looking directly at you when searching for the sound. However, these call boxes can be expensive so if you want to save some money, get a rabbit in distress mouth call. I have had good results with these and they are cheap. I would recommend that you practice a little before you take it to the field. If you can find a demonstration of how these calls are to be used, you can use that as an example of how you should sound.

 

July 20th, 2010 by in Smart Night Vision Articles | No Comments

Convert to LVM for the rootvg on local drive

 

Check the current setup

 

[root@lab1 ~]# df -h

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1      18G  2.9G   14G  18% /

tmpfs                1005M     0 1005M   0% /dev/shm

 

[root@lab1 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/cciss/c0d0

 

Disk /dev/cciss/c0d0: 73.3 GB, 73372631040 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8920 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

           Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1   *           1        2350    18876343+  83  Linux

/dev/cciss/c0d0p2            2351        3394     8385930   82  Linux swap / Solaris

 

Remove the current swap space to make room for a temporary root partition

 

[root@lab1 ~]# swapoff -a -v

[root@lab1 ~]# fdisk /dev/cciss/c0d0

 

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8920.

There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problems with:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs

   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

 

Command (m for help): d

Partition number (1-4): 2

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/cciss/c0d0: 73.3 GB, 73372631040 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8920 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

           Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1   *           1        2350    18876343+  83  Linux

 

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

 

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table.

The new table will be used at the next reboot.

Syncing disks.

[root@lab1 ~]# partprobe

 

Make sure to leave enough room, so that you can create /boot partition on slice 1, since /boot can not be under LVM support.

 

[root@lab1 ~]# fdisk /dev/cciss/c0d0

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/cciss/c0d0: 73.3 GB, 73372631040 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8920 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

           Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1   *           1        2350    18876343+  83  Linux

 

Command (m for help): n

Command action

   e   extended

   p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 3

First cylinder (2351-8920, default 2351): 2371

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (2371-8920, default 8920): 4721

 

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

 

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table.

The new table will be used at the next reboot.

Syncing disks.

[root@lab1 ~]# partprobe

 

Create a filesystem on the new slice, and copy the contents of slice 1 over.

 

[root@lab1 ~]# mke2fs -j /dev/cciss/c0d0p3

mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

2361760 inodes, 4721101 blocks

236055 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296

145 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

16288 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

       32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

       4096000

 

Writing inode tables: done                           

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

 

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@lab1 ~]# mount -t ext3 /dev/cciss/c0d0p3 /mnt

[root@lab1 ~]# cd /

[root@lab1 /]# find / -xdev|cpio -pvmd /mnt

 

Make the new partition bootable.

 

[root@lab1 /]# fdisk /dev/cciss/c0d0

 

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8920.

There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problems with:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs

   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/cciss/c0d0: 73.3 GB, 73372631040 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8920 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

           Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1   *           1        2350    18876343+  83  Linux

/dev/cciss/c0d0p3            2371        4721    18884407+  83  Linux

 

Command (m for help): a

Partition number (1-4): 3

 

Command (m for help): a

Partition number (1-4): 1

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/cciss/c0d0: 73.3 GB, 73372631040 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8920 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

           Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1               1        2350    18876343+  83  Linux

/dev/cciss/c0d0p3   *        2371        4721    18884407+  83  Linux

 

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

 

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table.

The new table will be used at the next reboot.

Syncing disks.

[root@lab1 /]# partprobe

 

Edit the /mnt/etc/fstab file to point to the new partition.

 

[root@lab1 /]# vi /mnt/etc/fstab

[root@lab1 /]# cat /mnt/etc/fstab

/dev/cciss/c0d0p3    /                       ext3    defaults        1 1

tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0

devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0

sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0

proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0

[root@lab1 /]#

 

Edit the /mnt/boot/grub/grub.conf and /boot/grub/grub.conf file to point to the new partition also.

 

[root@lab1 /]# vi /mnt/boot/grub/grub.conf

[root@lab1 /]# cat /mnt/boot/grub/grub.conf

# grub.conf generated by anaconda

#

# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file

# NOTICE:  You do not have a /boot partition.  This means that

#          all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /, eg.

#          root (hd0,0)

#          kernel /boot/vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/cciss/c0d0p1

#          initrd /boot/initrd-version.img

#boot=/dev/cciss/c0d0

default=0

timeout=5

splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz

hiddenmenu

title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.18-92.el5)

       root (hd0,0)

       kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-92.el5 ro root=/dev/cciss/c0d0p3 pci=nommconf rhgb quiet

       initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img

 [root@lab1 /]# vi /boot/grub/grub.conf

[root@lab1 /]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf

# grub.conf generated by anaconda

#

# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file

# NOTICE:  You do not have a /boot partition.  This means that

#          all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /, eg.

#          root (hd0,0)

#          kernel /boot/vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/cciss/c0d0p1

#          initrd /boot/initrd-version.img

#boot=/dev/cciss/c0d0

default=0

timeout=5

splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz

hiddenmenu

title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.18-92.el5)

       root (hd0,0)

       kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-92.el5 ro root=/dev/cciss/c0d0p3 pci=nommconf rhgb quiet

       initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img

 

Reboot the server, and it should come up on the new partition.

 

[root@lab1 ~]# df -k

Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/cciss/c0d0p3     18587892   2984316  14659356  17% /

tmpfs                  1029044         0   1029044   0% /dev/shm

 

Remove slice 1 and create a /boot partition on slice 1, and the new root partition on slice 2.

 

[root@lab1 ~]# fdisk /dev/cciss/c0d0

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/cciss/c0d0: 73.3 GB, 73372631040 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8920 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

           Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1               1        2350    18876343+  83  Linux

/dev/cciss/c0d0p3   *        2371        4721    18884407+  83  Linux

 

Command (m for help): d

Partition number (1-4): 1

 

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

 

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table.

The new table will be used at the next reboot.

 

[root@lab1 ~]# fdisk /dev/cciss/c0d0

 

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8920.

There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problems with:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs

   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/cciss/c0d0: 73.3 GB, 73372631040 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8920 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

           Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/cciss/c0d0p3   *        2371        4721    18884407+  83  Linux

 

Command (m for help): n

Command action

   e   extended

   p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-8920, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2370, default 2370): 20

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/cciss/c0d0: 73.3 GB, 73372631040 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8920 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

           Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1               1          20      160618+  83  Linux

/dev/cciss/c0d0p3   *        2371        4721    18884407+  83  Linux

 

Command (m for help): n

Command action

   e   extended

   p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 2

First cylinder (21-8920, default 21): 21

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (21-2370, default 2370): 2370

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/cciss/c0d0: 73.3 GB, 73372631040 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8920 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

           Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1               1          20      160618+  83  Linux

/dev/cciss/c0d0p2              21        2370    18876375   83  Linux

/dev/cciss/c0d0p3   *        2371        4721    18884407+  83  Linux

 

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

 

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table.

The new table will be used at the next reboot.

Syncing disks.

[root@lab1 ~]# partprobe

 

10. Change the partition type of 2 to LVM (8e) and make the partition 1 bootable.

 

[root@lab1 ~]# fdisk /dev/cciss/c0d0

 

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8920.

There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problems with:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs

   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/cciss/c0d0: 73.3 GB, 73372631040 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8920 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

           Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1               1          20      160618+  83  Linux

/dev/cciss/c0d0p2              21        2370    18876375   83  Linux

/dev/cciss/c0d0p3   *        2371        4721    18884407+  83  Linux

 

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-4): 2

Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e

Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM)

 

Command (m for help): a

Partition number (1-4): 1

 

Command (m for help): a

Partition number (1-4): 3

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/cciss/c0d0: 73.3 GB, 73372631040 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8920 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

           Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1   *           1          20      160618+  83  Linux

/dev/cciss/c0d0p2              21        2370    18876375   8e  Linux LVM

/dev/cciss/c0d0p3            2371        4721    18884407+  83  Linux

 

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

 

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table.

The new table will be used at the next reboot.

Syncing disks.

[root@lab1 ~]# partprobe

 

11. tar the contents of the original /boot dir.

 

 [root@lab1 /]# cd /boot

[root@lab1 boot]# tar -cvf /tmp/boot.tar *

config-2.6.18-92.el5

grub/

grub/stage2

grub/fat_stage1_5

grub/ufs2_stage1_5

grub/ffs_stage1_5

grub/menu.lst

grub/jfs_stage1_5

grub/splash.xpm.gz

grub/xfs_stage1_5

grub/reiserfs_stage1_5

grub/grub.conf

grub/stage1

grub/iso9660_stage1_5

grub/device.map

grub/e2fs_stage1_5

grub/minix_stage1_5

grub/vstafs_stage1_5

initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img

initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img.orig

symvers-2.6.18-92.el5.gz

System.map-2.6.18-92.el5

vmlinuz-2.6.18-92.el5

 

12. Create a new filesystem on slice 1 , the new boot partition.

 

[root@lab1 /]# mke2fs -j/dev/cciss/c0d0p1

mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

2361760 inodes, 4721101 blocks

236055 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296

145 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

16288 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

       32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

       4096000

 

Writing inode tables: done                           

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

 

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

 

 

13. Delete everything in the original /boot filesystem on the temporary partition.

 

[root@lab1 mnt]# cd /boot

[root@lab1 boot]# ls

config-2.6.18-92.el5  initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img       symvers-2.6.18-92.el5.gz  vmlinuz-2.6.18-92.el5

grub                  initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img.orig  System.map-2.6.18-92.el5

[root@lab1 boot]# rm -f -r *

 

14. Mount slice 1 onto /boot and untar the contents.

 

 [root@lab1 /]# mount -t ext3 /dev/cciss/c0d0p1 /boot

[root@lab1 /]# cd /boot

[root@lab1 boot]# tar -xvf /tmp/boot.tar

config-2.6.18-92.el5

grub/

grub/minix_stage1_5

grub/jfs_stage1_5

grub/device.map

grub/splash.xpm.gz

grub/fat_stage1_5

grub/e2fs_stage1_5

grub/ffs_stage1_5

grub/xfs_stage1_5

grub/ufs2_stage1_5

grub/iso9660_stage1_5

grub/vstafs_stage1_5

grub/stage1

grub/grub.conf

grub/reiserfs_stage1_5

grub/menu.lst

grub/stage2

initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img

initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img.orig

symvers-2.6.18-92.el5.gz

System.map-2.6.18-92.el5

vmlinuz-2.6.18-92.el5

[root@lab1 boot]# pwd

/boot

[root@lab1 boot]# ls

config-2.6.18-92.el5  initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img       lost+found                   System.map-2.6.18-92.el5

grub                initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img.orig  symvers-2.6.18-92.el5.gz  vmlinuz-2.6.18-92.el5

 

15. Change /etc/fstab to point to the new /boot partition.

 

[root@lab1 boot]# vi /etc/fstab

[root@lab1 boot]# cat /etc/fstab

/dev/cciss/c0d0p3    /                       ext3    defaults        1 1

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1    /boot                ext3   defaults      1 2

tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0

devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0

sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0

proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0

 

16. Recreate the intitrd image.

 

[root@lab1 ~]# mkinitrd -f /boot/initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img `uname -r`

 

17. Create a new MBR for the new /boot partition.

 

[root@lab1 /]# grub-install /dev/cciss/c0d0

Installation finished. No error reported.

This is the contents of the device map /boot/grub/device.map.

Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect,

fix it and re-run the script `grub-install’.

 

# this device map was generated by anaconda

(hd0)     /dev/cciss/c0d0

 

18. Remove the /boot references in the /boot/grub/grub.conf file.

 

[root@lab1 ~]# vi /boot/grub/grub.conf

[root@lab1 ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf

# grub.conf generated by anaconda

#

# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file

# NOTICE:  You do not have a /boot partition.  This means that

#          all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /, eg.

#          root (hd0,0)

#          kernel /boot/vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/cciss/c0d0p1

#          initrd /boot/initrd-version.img

#boot=/dev/cciss/c0d0

default=0

timeout=5

splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz

hiddenmenu

title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.18-92.el5)

       root (hd0,0)

       kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-92.el5 ro root=/dev/cciss/c0d0p3 pci=nommconf rhgb quiet

       initrd /initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img

 

19. Reboot, and it will boot off the new /boot partition.

 

[root@lab1 ~]# df -k

Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/cciss/c0d0p3     18587892   2984528  14659144  17% /

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1       155543     15571    131942  11% /boot

tmpfs                  1029044         0   1029044   0% /dev/shm

 

20. Initialize the LVM

 

[root@lab1 /]# vgscan

  Reading all physical volumes.  This may take a while…

  Found volume group “uservg” using metadata type lvm2

 

21. Create a physical volume on partition 2 that was created earlier.

 

[root@lab1 /]# pvcreate /dev/cciss/c0d0p2

  Physical volume “/dev/cciss/c0d0p2″ successfully created

 

22. Create the root volume group on the partition just created.

 

[root@lab1 /]# vgcreate rootvg /dev/cciss/c0d0p2

  Volume group “rootvg” successfully created

 

23. Create a logical volume for the new root volume group.

 

[root@lab1 /]# lvcreate -n lv00 –size 18G rootvg

  Logical volume “lv00″ created

 

24. Create a filesystem on the new logical volume.

 

[root@lab1 /]# mke2fs -j /dev/rootvg/lv00

mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

2359296 inodes, 4718592 blocks

235929 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296

144 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

16384 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

       32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

       4096000

 

Writing inode tables: done                           

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

 

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 29 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

 

25. Mount the new filesystem and copy the root files over.

 

[root@lab1 /]# mount -t ext3 /dev/rootvg/lv00 /mnt

[root@lab1 /]# cd /

[root@lab1 /]# find / -xdev | cpio -pvmd /mnt

……..

/mnt/usr/include/gnome-desktop-2.0/libgnomeui

/mnt/usr/include/gnome-desktop-2.0/libgnomeui/gnome-ditem-edit.h

/mnt/usr/include/gnome-desktop-2.0/libgnomeui/gnome-hint.h

/mnt/usr/include/mpfr.h

/mnt/usr/include/ftw.h

/mnt/usr/include/spawn.h

/mnt/lost+found

5030570 blocks

[root@lab1 /]#

 

26. Recreate the initrd image.

 

[root@lab1 /]# mkinitrd –f /boot/initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img `uname –r`

 

27. Make sure the initrd image is configured for LVM.

 

[root@lab1 /]# cd /tmp

[root@lab1 tmp]# mkdir working-intitrd

[root@lab1 tmp]# cd working-intitrd

[root@lab1 working-intitrd]# zcat /boot/initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img|cpio -i

17771 blocks

[root@lab1 working-intitrd]# ls bin/lvm

bin/lvm

[root@lab1 working-intitrd]# ls etc/lvm

lvm.conf

 

 

28. If the image does not LVM support it can be added this way.

 

[root@lab1 working-intitrd]# cp -r /etc/lvm etc/

cp: overwrite `etc/lvm/backup/rootvg’? y

cp: overwrite `etc/lvm/backup/uservg’? y

cp: overwrite `etc/lvm/archive/rootvg_00001.vg’? y

cp: overwrite `etc/lvm/archive/uservg_00000.vg’? y

cp: overwrite `etc/lvm/archive/rootvg_00000.vg’? y

cp: overwrite `etc/lvm/lvm.conf.default’? y

cp: overwrite `etc/lvm/cache/.cache’? y

cp: overwrite `etc/lvm/lvm.conf’? y

[root@lab1 working-intitrd]# pwd

/tmp/working-intitrd

[root@lab1 working-intitrd]# ls etc/lvm/

archive  backup  cache  lvm.conf  lvm.conf.default

[root@lab1 working-intitrd]# pwd

/tmp/working-intitrd

[root@lab1 working-intitrd]# find . -print | cpio -o -c |gzip -9 > /tmp/initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img

17817 blocks

 

[root@lab1 working-intitrd]# cp /boot/initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img /boot/initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img.bak

[root@lab1 working-intitrd]# ls -l /boot/initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img.bak /tmp/initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img

-rw——- 1 root root 3713844 May 20 15:23 /boot/initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img.bak

-rw-r–r– 1 root root 3716171 May 20 15:22 /tmp/initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img

[root@lab1 working-intitrd]# cp /boot/initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img.bak /boot/initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img

 

29. Edit the /mnt/etc/fstab to reflect the new rootvg volume group

 

[root@lab1 /]# vi /mnt/etc/fstab

[root@lab1 /]# cat /mnt/etc/fstab

/dev/rootvg/lv00     /                       ext3    defaults        1 1

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1    /boot                ext3   defaults      1 2

tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0

devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0

sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0

proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0

 

30. Edit the /boot/grub/grub.conf to point to the new rootvg

 

[root@lab1 /]# vi /boot/grub/grub.conf

[root@lab1 /]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf

# grub.conf generated by anaconda

#

# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file

# NOTICE:  You do not have a /boot partition.  This means that

#          all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /, eg.

#          root (hd0,0)

#          kernel /boot/vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/cciss/c0d0p1

#          initrd /boot/initrd-version.img

#boot=/dev/cciss/c0d0

default=0

timeout=5

splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz

hiddenmenu

title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.18-92.el5)

       root (hd0,0)

       kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-92.el5 ro root=/dev/rootvg/lv00 pci=nommconf rhgb quiet

       initrd /initrd-2.6.18-92.el5.img

 

31. Run grub-install to recreate the MBR.

 

[root@lab1 /]# grub-install /dev/cciss/c0d0

Installation finished. No error reported.

This is the contents of the device map /boot/grub/device.map.

Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect,

fix it and re-run the script `grub-install’.

 

# this device map was generated by anaconda

(hd0)     /dev/cciss/c0d0

 

32. Reboot, and it should come up under LVM support.

 

[root@lab1 ~]# df -k

Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/rootvg-lv00

                      18578172   2984604  14649852  17% /

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1       155543     19214    128299  14% /boot

tmpfs                  1029044         0   1029044   0% /dev/shm

 

33. Delete the temporary root partition 3.

 

[root@lab1 ~]# fdisk /dev/cciss/c0d0

 

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8920.

There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problems with:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs

   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/cciss/c0d0: 73.3 GB, 73372631040 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8920 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

           Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1   *           1          20      160618+  83  Linux

/dev/cciss/c0d0p2              21        2370    18876375   8e  Linux LVM

/dev/cciss/c0d0p3            2371        4721    18884407+  83  Linux

 

Command (m for help): d

Partition number (1-4): 3

 

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

 

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table.

The new table will be used at the next reboot.

Syncing disks.

[root@lab1 ~]# partprobe

 

34. Create a swap partition.

 

[root@lab1 ~]# fdisk /dev/cciss/c0d0

 

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8920.

There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problems with:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs

   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/cciss/c0d0: 73.3 GB, 73372631040 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8920 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

           Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1   *           1          20      160618+  83  Linux

/dev/cciss/c0d0p2              21        2370    18876375   8e  Linux LVM

 

Command (m for help): n

Command action

   e   extended

   p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 3

First cylinder (2371-8920, default 2371): 2371

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (2371-8920, default 8920): +8192M

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/cciss/c0d0: 73.3 GB, 73372631040 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8920 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

           Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1   *           1          20      160618+  83  Linux

/dev/cciss/c0d0p2              21        2370    18876375   8e  Linux LVM

/dev/cciss/c0d0p3            2371        3367     8008402+  83  Linux

 

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-4): 82

Value out of range.

Partition number (1-4): p

Partition number (1-4): 3

Hex code (type L to list codes): 82

Changed system type of partition 3 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/cciss/c0d0: 73.3 GB, 73372631040 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8920 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

           Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1   *           1          20      160618+  83  Linux

/dev/cciss/c0d0p2              21        2370    18876375   8e  Linux LVM

/dev/cciss/c0d0p3            2371        3367     8008402+  82  Linux swap / Solaris

 

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

 

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table.

The new table will be used at the next reboot.

Syncing disks.

[root@lab1 ~]# partprobe

 

35. Create swap space on the partition.

 

[root@lab1 ~]# mkswap /dev/cciss/c0d0p3

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 8200597 kB

[root@lab1 ~]# vi /etc/fstab

[root@lab1 ~]# cat /etc/fstab

/dev/rootvg/lv00     /                       ext3    defaults        1 1

/dev/cciss/c0d0p1    /boot                ext3   defaults      1 2

tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0

devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0

sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0

proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0

/dev/cciss/c0d0p3    swap                 swap   defaults      0 0

[root@lab1 ~]# mount -a

[root@lab1 ~]# swapon -a

[root@lab1 ~]# swapon -s

Filename                          Type          Size   Used   Priority

/dev/cciss/c0d0p3                       partition      8008392       0      -1

 

35. Reboot and make sure everything comes up okay.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

July 20th, 2010 by in Smart Night Vision Articles | No Comments

Due to an increasing number of crimes taking place on public transport systems, there is a huge threat to public life and property. Initiatives are being taken on the part of the Police department to ensure safety and protection to the lives of the public. Spy cameras are being installed on buses to monitor any kind of violence or crime that may happen while commuting on public modes of transport. There are areas where agencies are shelling out up to $1.4 million in order to buy and set up spy cameras on all the city buses. The large range of uses for spy camera is simply amazing.

Spy cameras on public modes of transport will prove very instrumental in curbing violence, which is on the rise in urban areas these days. Criminals can now be caught on tape in action. It brings a greater feeling of protection and security amongst the citizens. Security for the lives of the citizens is always a major issue. No matter how many precautionary measures we take, the anti social activities can sneak in from some way or the other. It is up to us to see how we can prevent from losing the lives of so many innocent citizens and help from destruction being caused of life and property.

These close circuit cameras are a great help in tracing the identity of criminals and anti-social elements. Plans are being chalked out to have surveillance cameras installed inside Trains as well. CCTV surveillance on railway platforms has been a great help as well in thwarting terrorist attacks and disasters. Spy cameras in airports are common fixture now. They have highly helped in nabbing international criminals and from saving life of so many innocent citizens. Security cameras and other surveillance accessories play a very vital role in our day-to-day lives where security has become a prime concern. May it be home, office, or any workplace, a proper security system helps establish stability and a sense of protection in that area.

July 16th, 2010 by in Smart Night Vision Articles | No Comments