SMART NIGHT VISION

Wavefront Lasik: the ?wave of the Future? for Vision Correction

Thu, 29 Jul 2010 00:23:28 +0000

Wavefront LASIK, also called Custom LASIK, is a relatively new innovation in laser vision surgery. This process has vastly improved the way eye surgery is performed and has enabled your ophthalmologist to correct problems with your vision that were previously unfixable.

Wavefront technology takes 3D images of your eye to help guide in the reshaping process of your cornea. This affords ophthalmologists an ability to achieve a higher degree of precision in surgical corrections than was ever possible in the past.

While glasses, contact lenses, and older LASIK procedures could only correct for lower order aberrations (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism), wavefront technology has the ability to correct for higher order aberrations (halos, glare, shadows, blurry images) as well.

Benefits

Wavefront LASIK improves more than just your standard vision as measured by your prescription. It also enhances your contrast sensitivity and fine detail, making this procedure vastly superior to more traditional LASIK options. As a result, night vision improvements are much more extensive than what was previously possible.

You also have a lower risk of post-LASIK complications with wavefront.

Wavefront LASIK offers you the following improvements in the quality of your vision correction surgery:

· Greater chance of achieving 20/20 vision

· Reduced chance of deterioration of your newly corrected vision

· Reduced chance of losing visual quality or contrast sensitivity

· Decrease in complications and night vision issues

At this time, most eye surgeons are using wavefront technology in their practices. Currently, 74% of LASIK surgeons use wavefront, a sharp increase from 2003 when only about 10% used this technology.

How it Works

A wavefront device shoots a ray of light into your eye. This light reflects off your retina and returns to the device through your pupil. The wavefront device then arranges the light ray in a format that conveys both your lower and higher order aberrations.

These irregularities in your eye are shown in the form of a 3D map. The information from this map gets electronically transmitted to the laser used to operate on your eye. This provides for a procedure completely customized to the unique characteristics and intricacies of your eyes.

Wavefront is currently considerably more expensive than traditional LASIK procedures, but the benefits and advantages of this process seem to indicate that it is well worth the extra money.

If you are considering LASIK eye surgery and you live in the San Francisco, California area, please visit the website of Laser Eye Center of Silicon Valley today to schedule your initial consultation.

Problems of Wireless Surveillance Camera

Thu, 29 Jul 2010 00:23:24 +0000

Wireless Camera Images Can Be Picked Up By Anyone ” A recent study shows that a simple $100 device can tap into your surveillance camera’s signal and let criminals see exactly what’s going on in your home, office, bar, or restaurant.”The VR3 is a wireless camera designed as a backup camera to help you see behind your car. What many people are discovering is that this camera, and many others like it, can tap into all sorts of unsecured wireless video signals – anything from business surveillance cameras in bars or restaurants to residential nanny cameras. Todd Morris, CEO of Brick House Security describes this phenomenon as a case of “accidental compatibility,” where two completely unassociated security devices from two different companies can pickup the other’s feed unintentionally. And it happens more than you think. Someone Could Be Watching You From INSIDE Your Home Or Business When You Use Wireless Cameras

When investigating this allegation, Fox 6 Milwaukee’s Investigative Reporter Bryan Polcyn tapped into video surveillance from a local bar, hair salon, the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, and even from a baby monitor all with the cheap and mobile VR3 camera. By buying wireless surveillance people think that they are increasing their safety, but in fact they are opening the door to peeping toms, burglars, and pedophiles alike.

It doesn’t take a sophisticated spy or expensive equipment to tap into these wireless cameras. Does this mean that you shouldn’t buy a surveillance camera? No, surveillance cameras can be an excellent way to protect your home or business. They can help the police catch criminals and verify evidence, but they can also be dangerous. You know the myriad of activities that go on in a large metropolis. People go to offices to take care of business, shop owners try to sell their wares, students go to attend classes, and drivers maneuver the cars and trucks around-such a lively bunch of activities.

Unfortunately, a less-than-pleasant activity also strives in the city-crime. Every city has its share of lawbreakers that disrupt its peace and harmony. Crime can range from simple violations, such as illegal parking and speeding, to really serious ones, such as, murder. To combat them, each city dispatches law enforcers. Law enforcement uses the latest in weaponry, technology, and techniques in catching and apprehending criminals.

However, in most cities, the officers of the law are usually outnumbered. To make up for the disadvantage, they resort to surveillance cameras to monitor public areas. Surveillance cameras alert operators to areas where violations of the law occur, allowing them to dispatch police officers more quickly. Also the images caught on tape can be used as evidence if the criminal does manage to get away.

New types of surveillance camera are in use now in many cities. These are called wireless security cameras. As the name implies, these cameras are not connected by any wires. Standard cameras are connected to a central monitoring system via cables. These wireless gadgets are gaining popularity. In fact, police units are installing them on several areas in the city. Too, government agencies, businesses, and private citizens are also using them.

The main advantage of a wireless system is that these systems are not limited by cables. That means they can be placed anywhere without much concern about the placement of cables. The signal is carried via a broadcast signal, which can also be accessed through the Internet if permission is approved.

Wireless systems generally use a five-to-one compression ratio. Higher compression rates are also available so that the images would be DVD quality. The downside of this high compression rate is that the hard-disk space of wireless cameras are filled faster than with a cable-fed camera. Wireless systems can time stamp the images.

There are also disadvantages to the usage of wireless security cameras. For example, digital video recorders can sometimes pick up the signals from these cameras, threatening the security of the images. Also, if one knows the proper frequency, the signals can be jammed. Jamming a transmission means scrambling or blocking the signal so that it does not register properly in the monitors. Jamming a police transmission is a crime and is dealt with severely.

Also, they are not appropriate for long-term surveillance. That’s because transmitting the signal requires a larger-than-usual amount of power, draining the battery power more quickly than their wired counterparts. Also, if they are not stored properly, they can be stolen with ease; there aren’t any wires that are attached to them which helps secure these gadgets to their mounts or posts.

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Ebenezer Scrooge Had a Life Coach?

Wed, 28 Jul 2010 19:39:56 +0000

When Charles Dickens provided Ebenezer Scrooge with the ghost of Christmas future, he created what may have been the first literary description of a life coaching experience. When Ebenezer’s poltergeist showed the old fellow a view of the future, he was employing a powerful tool used by professional life coaches to help their clients live a happier and more fulfilled life.

The biggest difference between Scrooge’s ghost and today’s life coach is we make the process painless. We help our clients to create the future they want. We guide clients in developing a crystal clear vision of exactly what their future will look, feel and be like when they have achieved their goals. We help them to create plans, prioritize and take actions, and remain accountable to achieving results. We also help them to identify and overcome any potential obstacles or roadblocks that may stand in their way of achieving success and living their dreams.

If Scrooge’s apparition would have taken a modern day Life Coach Training Course, he would have served his client much better.. As it was they just scared the hell out of poor old Ebenezer and left him on his own to figure things out. It worked well in the story, but it doesn’t always work that way in real life.

Life coaching can make a huge difference in a client’s life especially when times are tough like those in Scrooge’s day, and like the times we find ourselves in today. Having a trained life coach in one’s corner can be the difference between living a life filled with happiness and participation or moving through life wishing and hoping it could be better.

In the month of November of 2008, Google reports over 135,000 searches for the term “Life Coach”. This is one of the reasons we see more and more talented people interested in attending Coaches Institute International’s Certified Life Coach Training Course. These folks want to help. They feel a genuine calling to leave this world a better place than it was when they first arrived. And, based on recent statistics they have a lot of people to help.

Back in 1843, Ebenezer Scrooge may not have had the benefit of a professionally trained life coach, never the less his experience was life changing. Unfortunately, many of us won’t have the benefit of Scrooge’s midnight visitor. And, who really wants to be awakened in the middle of the night for a life coaching session anyway?

So, if you find yourself with a bit too much “Bah, Humbug” in your holidays, or in the up-coming New Year, I recommend you find a certified life coach to help you make 2009 the very best year you’ve ever had, or better yet, become a life coach and help others realize their dreams. “God Bless us, every one!” and Happy New Year.

Berry Fowler is a Certified Master Coach and the CEO of Coaches Institute International. He and his team provide training and certification in Life and Business Coaching to individuals, corporations and non-profit organizations. To learn more about Berry?s company visit www.coachesinstitute.com.

Berry Fowler, is also the founder and former Chairman of Sylvan Learning Centers and The Little Gym International. Fowler has over 30 years of experience in developing and implementing systems, curriculum and training programs that have helped millions of individuals to achieve a higher level of success. Fowler, a former classroom teacher, is the author of Return from Krypton, Rational Steps to Entrepreneurial Success.

Laser Blended Vision

Wed, 28 Jul 2010 19:39:55 +0000

History

There has recently been a tremendous increase in interest of surgical presbyopic correction. The Carl Zeiss Meditec team started working in 2003 with an ophthalmic surgeon to develop a module for pure presbyopia correction, and over the next few years modified and adapted things to a point where it is finally a commercially available reality.

Before Laser Blended Vision was available, surgical presbyopic correction was achieved by using traditional Laser Monovision correction, where one eye was focused for distance vision and one eye was focused for near vision. In traditional Laser Monovision, the depth of field is not increased, which means there is no blend zone. This results in creating a gap of blurred vision at intermediate distances where neither the distance eye nor the near eye is in focus. The gap in the range of clear vision makes it more difficult for the brain to fuse the two images from the two eyes and, as a consequence, the tolerance of Laser Monovision is much lower than that of Laser Blended Vision.

Technology

To better understand the way Laser Blended Vision works, instead of viewing presbyopia as the inability to accommodate change the focus of the eye from distance to near, presbyopia can be considered as a decrease in depth of field the inability to see distance and near objects. The laser ablation profile in Laser Blended Vision is optimized to increase the depth of field of the eye without compromising visual quality, contrast sensitivity or night vision.

It is known that one way of increasing the depth of field is to increase the amount of spherical aberration.

Based on that knowledge, a non-linear aspheric ablation profile was developed to safely increase the depth of field of the cornea to 1.50 Diopters for any refractive error. Given a 1.50 D depth of field, it would not be possible to get full distance and full near vision with one eye; therefore Laser Blended Vision borrowed from the time-tested concept of monovision and set up the non-dominant eye (near eye) to be slightly myopic, so that the depth of field of the predominantly near (non-dominant) eye was able to see at near and up to the intermediate range while the predominantly distance (dominant) eye was able to see at distance down to intermediate.

In the intermediate region both eyes have similar visual acuity, which helps the process of binocular fusion. The cortical processes of the neural system are able to direct the conscious attention to the part of the visual field with the best image quality.

The low nominal myopic refraction of the near eye combined with the increased depth of field result in an improvement of the distance vision of the near eye compared to Laser Monovision correction. For example, with a refraction of -1.50 D, the near eye is able to see at distance as if it was a -0.75 D refraction. A further component of Laser Blended Vision is the increase in depth of field afforded by pupil constriction during accommodation: a component that persists even in eyes that have lost the ability to accommodate. The combination of controlled induced corneal spherical aberration and pupil constriction gives a significant increase in depth of field on the retinal image, albeit not a perfect image. However, intra-retinal and cortical processing and edge detection is the final component working in Laser Blended Vision: the pure retinal image, which is modified by spherical aberration, is further enhanced by central processing to yield the perception of clear and well-defined edges.

In summary, Laser Blended Vision draws on 5 mechanisms for its success as a procedure; the increased depth of field increase is achieved by:

A specific controlled increase in corneal spherical aberration

Pupil constriction during accommodation

Retinal and cortical processing for increasing contrast of the retinal image of each eye

Blend Zone to enable continuous distance to intermediate to near vision between the two eyes

Central cortical processing for binocular fusion

Preoperative examination

Patient selection

Inclusion criteria are the same as for standard LASIK. Ideally the corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) should be no worse than 20/25 in either eye. The range of manifest refractive error is the same as for standard LASIK; the range of spherical equivalent refraction in publications using Laser Blended Vision is from -8.50 D to +5.75
General assessment

The preoperative assessment should include all tests used to evaluate patients for standard LASIK. All patients should have a full ophthalmologic examination including uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) (light-controlled ETDRS chart), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) (verified near vision reading card), subjective refractive error, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), distance corrected near vision (DCNV), cycloplegic refraction, slit-lamp microscopic evaluation of the anterior segment, dilated fundus examination, and Goldmann intraocular pressure measurement, placido front surface corneal topography, anterior and posterior best-fit sphere tomography, wavefront aberrations assessment, dark adapted pupil size measurements, pachymetry, and mesopic contrast sensitivity. A line of acuity should be deemed read if at least three of the five letters of that line are recognized correctly.

Additional assessment

In addition to standard LASIK testing, ocular dominance should be assessed to determine which eye is dominant.

Surgical procedure

The surgical procedure is exactly the same as for standard LASIK treatments with the MEL80.

Postoperative examination

The procedure for postoperative evaluation is exactly the same as for standard LASIK patients.

Results

The results reported below for the myopic and hyperopic populations were recently published in the Journal of Refractive Surgery. The results for the emmetropic population were presented at the ESCRS in 2008. The results are reported after all treatments (ie including retreatments).

Safety

The safety of Laser Blended Vision is the same as for standard LASIK with the MEL80. No eye lost two lines of Corrected Distance Visual Acuity (CDVA) and there was a loss of one line of CDVA in 8% of eyes in the myopic population and 17% of eyes in the hyperopic population (NB these populations were treated using the Hansatome microkeratome).

Contrast sensitivity

The safety in terms of contrast sensitivity is also equivalent to the results for standard LASIK with the MEL80. The publications reported that the mean postoperative contrast sensitivity was either the same as preoperative or slightly better than preoperative for all spatial frequencies measured (3, 6, 12, and 18 cpd) for both myopic and hyperopic populations.

Efficacy

Distance vision of distance eyes was excellent, with 98% of myopic, 86% of hyperopic, and 92% of emmetropic eyes achieving 20/20 or better. The binocular distance vision was 20/20 or better in 98% of myopic patients, 95% of hyperopic patients and 96% of emmetropic patients. The distance vision of the near eye was better than expected given the -1.50 D refraction, and approximately 80% of the eyes were 20/63 or better. (An untreated eye with myopia of -1.50 D would only be expected to achieve a Uncorrected Distance Visual Acuity of 20/80).

To demonstrate the effect of neural summation (see section on binocular summation in Binocular vision), it was interesting to note that for all three groups combined (+5.75 to emmetropes to -8.50 D), monocular distance vision was 20/63 in 80% of near (non-dominant) eyes and 20/20 in 92% of distance (dominant) eyes. When the relatively blurred non-dominant (near) eye was added for binocular distance vision, the distance vision increased from 92% monocularly to 96% binocularly. This indicated that the addition of a blurred non-dominant eye to the distance eye resulted in even better distance vision.

Near vision was at least J3 (better than newsprint) for 99% of myopic patients, 94% of hyperopic patients and 99% of emmetropic patients, while 96% of myopic patients, 81% of hyperopic patients and 95% of emmetropic patients were able to read J2 (very small print). It is interesting to note that this level of near vision was achieved with a -1.50 D anisometropia. (A person 55 years of age would be expected to need a near spectacle addition in the range of -1.50 to -2.25 D.)

For combined distance and near vision, 94% of myopic and 92% of emmetropic patients reached 20/25 and J2; despite the slightly lower accuracy of hyperopic corneal LASIK, 80% of these patients including hyperopia up to +5.75 D achieved 20/25 and J2 (and 99% are 20/25 and J5).

Stereopsis

While postoperative uncorrected stereopsis was lower than preoperative near-corrected stereopsis, a functional level of stereopsis was maintained postoperatively; 68% of patients had stereopsis of 100 secs or better and 93% had stereopsis of 200 secs or better. The study also found that near-correction restored preoperative near-corrected stereopsis in the majority of patients; 5% of patients with 4050 seconds of stereopsis preoperatively showed a 1 patch decrease in best corrected stereopsis, while 100% of patients with initially 60 seconds or less showed no loss at all.

Retreatments

The retreatment rate for Laser Blended Vision is expected to be higher than that for standard LASIK. The main reason for this is that a high degree of accuracy is required in both the distance and near eyes to enable the patient to achieve excellent unaided vision at both distance and near. This is in contrast to standard distance only correction, where if one eye is slightly off target, the patient does not tend to notice as the distance vision binocularly is still good. Another reason for a slightly higher retreatment rate than generally reported is that it is only older patients who would have Laser Blended Vision. The retreatment rate is higher for older patients as there is greater inaccuracy in the refractive outcome most likely due to a less repeatable healing response between individuals.

Reported retreatment rates were 19% for the myopic population (up to -8.50 D) and 22% for the hyperopic population (up to +5.75 D). However, these retreatment rates are artificially high since many of the eyes that underwent a retreatment had already achieved either Uncorrected Distance Visual Acuity (UDVA) of 20/25 or better or Uncorrected Near Visual Acuity (UNVA) of J5 or better after the primary treatment. If retreatments had only been performed for patients whose UDVA was 20/25 or worse after the primary treatment, the retreatment rate would have been 9% for the myopic population and 9% for the hyperopic population.

Adaptation period

Patients should be counselled to expect a period of adaptation while the brain adjusts to process the images from the two eyes. This is different for different patients, but for the vast majority the adaptation period is no longer than three months. . As with standard LASIK, there is likely to be fluctuation in the vision during the first three months and especially in the first week. For patients after Laser Blended Vision, this might mean that they will see well at near and badly at distance one day and then badly at near and well at distance the next. During this time, the refractive error of either eye might be off from the intended target, meaning that the anisometropia is too large or that the eyes are not focused at the intended distances. This may delay the adaptation period as the brain will not be receiving the right images for processing.

Potential complications

The potential complications are exactly the same as for standard LASIK. Laser Blended Vision does not create any specific complications.

Alternative solutions

Bifocal/varifocal lenses

Bifocal and varifocal lenses can be used to correct presbyopia. However, this mode of correction has some drawbacks. Research studies have indicated that multifocal glasses impair depth perception and edge-contrast sensitivity at critical distances for detecting obstacles in the environment. In varifocal lenses, there is a corridor of continuously changing lens power and optimal vision is only obtained when looking though this corridor and directly facing the object of focus. Outside this corridor, the vision is distorted and peripheral vision is reduced. For these reasons, older people are more likely to fall when wearing multi-focal glasses. Vision through bifocal lenses is the third greatest risk factor for falls in the elderly.

Contact lens monovision

In this technique, the eyes are dissociated by focusing one eye for distance vision and one eye for near vision. However, the large image disparity between the two eyes causes several limitations to the quality of overall vision. One limitation of monovision is the gap in the range of clear vision at intermediate distance (computer, TV).1 Reduced stereopsis is considered to be the major limitation to monovision correction; both distance and near stereopsis have been shown to decrease with monovision correction.. Binocular contrast sensitivity has also been shown to decrease with progressive increase in contact lens power in the near eye. The combination of these limitations means that monovision correction can only be tolerated by between 59-67% of patients.

Laser monovision refractive surgery

The principles used for monovision contact lenses have been applied to refractive surgery. However, many of the same limitations found with monovision contact lenses applied to monovision induced by refractive surgery, including loss of fusion and stereoacuity. Surprisingly, monovision induced by refractive surgery can be tolerated by a higher proportion of patients (92%) than monovision induced by contact lenses.

Other types of refractive surgery

Experimental approaches have been used to create a number of different multi-focal corneal ablation profiles. In such techniques, either a central corneal area is steepened for near vision leaving the mid-peripheral cornea for far vision or vice versa. While an overall improvement in visual acuity has been recorded for both near and distance vision, safety and quality of vision have been compromised. It has been reported that 20% of eyes lost two lines of best-corrected visual acuity at distance and 52% of eyes lost two lines of best-corrected visual acuity at near, while only 48% of eyes achieved 20/20 uncorrected visual acuity. Further, by creating discontinuous optics between the central and the mid-peripheral cornea, contrast sensitivity was decreased and patients have reported night vision disturbances.

Multifocal IOLs

In addition to laser techniques, a popular method of correcting presbyopia is to perform intraocular surgery, removing the patient crystalline lens and replacing it with a multi-focal or accommodating intraocular lens implant. These lenses aim to correct both distance and near vision through a series of diffractive or refractive circular bands, each band alternating between distance and near vision correction. Clinically, multi-focal lenses do increase the range of vision from distance to near, but there are a few shortcomings. First, there is a limited range to the vision inherent to the type of lens used. As a result, the patient may experience gaps in the vision where poor visual focus is found. Second, multi-focal lenses have discontinuous optics and create more than one image to enable both distance vision and near vision correction. This has been shown to reduce contrast sensitivity and increase night vision disturbances, with approximately, 4-8% of patients experiencing serious night vision disturbances., In addition, these methods ignore the fact that presbyopes under 65 years in age may have some remaining accommodation which is sacrificed when the crystalline leans is replaced by an intra-ocular implant.

External links

Magazine articles on Laser Blended Vision

Presbyopic LASIK procedure corrects distance and near vision simultaneously
New LASIK ablation profile increases depth-of-field, presbyopia options
Advantages of Laser Blended Vision
My personal account of Laser Blended Vision By Pait Teesalu, MD, PhD
Videos on Laser Blended Vision

Philip Schofield from This Morning has laser eye treatment
Presbyopic LASIK by Micro-Monovision Using Increased Depth of Field from Non-linear Aspheric Profiles
References

^ a b Evans BJ. Monovision: a review. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2007;27:417-439.PMID 17718882

^ Cantu R, Rosales MA, Tepichin E, Curioca A, Montes V, Ramirez-Zavaleta JG. Objective quality of vision in presbyopic and non-presbyopic patients after pseudoaccommodative advanced surface ablation. J Refract Surg. 2005;21:S603-605 PMID 16212287

^ Oliver KM, O’Brart DP, Stephenson CG, Hemenger RP, Applegate RA, Tomlinson A, Marshall J. Anterior corneal optical aberrations induced by photorefractive keratectomy for hyperopia. J Refract Surg. 2001;17:406-413 PMID 11471997

^ a b c d e Reinstein DZ, Couch DG, Archer TJ. LASIK for Hyperopic Astigmatism and Presbyopia Using Micro-monovision With the Carl Zeiss Meditec MEL80. J Refract Surg. 2009;25:37-58 PMID 19244952

^ a b c d e Reinstein DZ, Archer TJ, Gobbe M. LASIK for the correction of myopic astigmatism and presbyopia using aspheric ablation profiles and a micro-monovision protocol with the Carl Zeiss Meditec MEL80. J Refract Surg. [In Press]

^ Reinstein DZ, Archer TJ, Gobbe M. Outcomes of Presbyopic Micro-Monovision LASIK for Myopia, Hyperopia and Emmetropia. ESCRS. Berlin, 2008

^ Lord SR, Dayhew J, Howland A. Multifocal glasses impair edge-contrast sensitivity and depth perception and increase the risk of falls in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50:1760-1766 PMID 12410892

^ Johnson L, Buckley JG, Scally AJ, Elliott DB. Multifocal spectacles increase variability in toe clearance and risk of tripping in the elderly. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48:1466-1471 PMID 17389472

^ Durrie DS. The effect of different monovision contact lens powers on the visual function of emmetropic presbyopic patients (an American Ophthalmological Society thesis). Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2006;104:366-401 PMID 17471352

^ Kirschen DG, Hung CC, Nakano TR. Comparison of suppression, stereoacuity, and interocular differences in visual acuity in monovision and acuvue bifocal contact lenses. Optom Vis Sci. 1999;76:832-837 PMID 10612404

^ Jain S, Arora I, Azar DT. Success of monovision in presbyopes: review of the literature and potential applications to refractive surgery. Surv Ophthalmol. 1996;40:491-499 PMID 8724641

^ Fawcett SL, Herman WK, Alfieri CD, Castleberry KA, Parks MM, Birch EE. Stereoacuity and foveal fusion in adults with long-standing surgical monovision. J Aapos. 2001;5:342-347 PMID 11753252

^ Miranda D, Krueger RR. Monovision laser in situ keratomileusis for pre-presbyopic and presbyopic patients. J Refract Surg. 2004;20:325-328 PMID 15307393

^ a b Alio JL, Chaubard JJ, Caliz A, Sala E, Patel S. Correction of presbyopia by technovision central multifocal LASIK (presbyLASIK). J Refract Surg. 2006;22:453-460 PMID 16722483

^ Alfonso JF, Fernandez-Vega L, Senaris A, Montes-Mico R. Quality of vision with the Acri.Twin asymmetric diffractive bifocal intraocular lens system. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007;33:197-202 PMID 17276258

^ Schmidinger G, Simader C, Dejaco-Ruhswurm I, Skorpik C, Pieh S. Contrast sensitivity function in eyes with diffractive bifocal intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2005;31:2076-2083 PMID 16412918

^ Kohnen T, Allen D, Boureau C, Dublineau P, Hartmann C, Mehdorn E, Rozot P, Tassinari G. European multicenter study of the AcrySof ReSTOR apodized diffractive intraocular lens. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:584 e581 PMID 16483658

^ Vingolo EM, Grenga P, Iacobelli L, Grenga R. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity: AcrySof ReSTOR apodized diffractive versus AcrySof SA60AT monofocal intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007;33:1244-1247 PMID 17586381

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European stainless steel surcharges spike upwards

Wed, 28 Jul 2010 14:13:19 +0000

European stainless steel surcharges spike upwards

Surcharges announced by several European mills show a big jump in price for February delivery for Austenitic stainless typically 304 and 316 grades. This follows strengthening commodity prices, Nickel has risen to over $18,500 per tonne from levels below $16,000 per tonne in early December. The largest increase is for Moly bearing grades typically 316 which as well as suffering the effect of higher Nickel prices, the main driving factor on these is the surge in Molybdenum prices which have seen significant rises.

The increase in surcharges for 316 equate to 339 Euro or 288 GBP, 304 figures are 175 Euroor 146 GBP

With growing demand from China for stainless steel and strengthening demand in Europe the outlook for prices is to remain strong for Q1 and Q2 2010.

Stainless Steel Banding

BS Thermal are a UK based supplier of metal jacketing products and ancillary items for the thermal insulation industry. We specialise in exporting the products worldwide to every continent. Some of our key products are stainless steel banding, cladding, wire and fixings. Through our new web site BSthermal.com you can select all the products you need. We will supply your requirements direct to sites around the world. All the logistics and paperwork will be managed, packed and loaded by ourselves giving you total confidence of having a cost effective, on time, quality solution.

BS thermal are a trading division of BS Stainless Ltd registered in the United Kingdom established for 12 years. BS Stainless have always produced slit to width coil for banding and wing seals, stainless steel wire and sheet. They also have a global supply base metal products and purchasing power enables BS thermal to be one of the world’s most cost effective producers of stainless steel banding. The business is operated within the scope of the ISO 9001 accreditation and is a member of the British chamber of commerce.

BS thermal have the knowledge and experience of distributing products worldwide, we can handle all paperwork issues including letters of credit, invoice, certificates of origin and packaging specification. We have total control over the quality of the products, packaging, loading and shipment resulting in one point of contact for all your needs. Let BS thermal be your partner for all your requirements.

Stainless Steel Banding – BS Thermal
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Top 10 Christmas Gifts for Adults 2009

Wed, 28 Jul 2010 13:42:33 +0000

Christmas is just around the corner and is the most celebrated day around the world. This is the season of giving and appreciating your loved ones. As Christmas is approaching, it is wise to start planning and thinking of what to buy for your husbands/wives or your friends.

Selecting and buying Christmas presents for your loved ones can be a daunting task as there are a huge variety of gifts and presents to choose from. It is difficult to find the right gifts that husbands/wives will love and at the same time priced reasonably for yourself. Many people will find themselves trying to figure out what to buy for their loved ones.

Here is a list of the Top 10 Christmas Gifts for Adults

Top 10 Christmas Gifts for Men

1. Apple iPod Classic 160GB (7th Generation)
2. PSP Go
3. Samsung LN22A450 LCD HDTV
4. Sony VAIO 14-Inch Laptop
5. Strongest Link Men’s Bracelet by Kenneth Cole
6. 10k Mens Diamond Wedding Band Ring
7. Latico Mimi Tri-Fold Wallet
8. BMW Men’s Sporty Chronograph Watch
9. EyeClops Night Vision Infrared Stealth Goggles
10. Havoc Heli Blue Marine

Top 10 Christmas Gifts for Women

1. Apple iPod Nano 8GB (5th Generation)
2. Sterling Silver Cubic Zirconia Ring
3. Canon PowerShot SD1200IS Digital Camera
4. 14k Yellow Gold Marquise De Lafayette Pendant
5. Samsung NC10 Netbook
6. 14k Yellow & White Gold Crossover Hoop Earrings
7.Bulova Swarovski Crystal Accented Bangle Watch
8. “The Nomad” Distressed Leather Journal
9. Essence of Luxury Spa Bath & Body Gift Basket
10. Ed Hardy Mesh Lingerie Chemise w G String

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Rainbow Six Vegas 2 Night Vision Video

Tue, 27 Jul 2010 08:19:17 +0000

Rainbow Six Vegas 2 Night Vision Video

3 Primary Elements to Physical Security

Tue, 27 Jul 2010 08:19:15 +0000

Physical security describes measures that prevent or deter someone from accessing a location or information. It can be as simple as a closed door or as complicated as a military installation.

In the security field there are three primary elements to physical security; obstacles, alarms and the security response.

Obstacles

Obstacles are intended to slow threats, but will not be sufficient to stop a serious threat. They are stand alone and usually unattended items such as locked doors, razor wire barriers and shatterproof windows.

Slightly more complex obstacles can include:

Access cards and combination looks on doors
Doors that must be pulled to enter or exit an area
Revolving doors or turnstiles which allow one person at a time to advance
Vehicle barriers controlled by access cards

Having a double set of locked doors is very effective. The first that opens into an enclosed area and the second that can not open until the first is closed. This is a very good obstacle for at least two reasons. Any person entering a double door area knows that exiting by the doors will be very difficult. The second of the double doors is often controlled by an employee who can make a decision to open the door or not.

These double door areas are often equipped with video surveillance and alarms.

Alarms

Alarms are to both alert security response teams and to unbalance an attacker. Loud alarms, strobe lights or bright lights are common alarms.

More complex and interactive alarms include:

Closed-circuit television cameras with motion detectors
Roving security patrols
Guard dogs
Birds

Although it may sound unusual, peacock and geese are used in security because their distinctive cries can act as a warning when people approach but to the common person they appear harmless, even attractive.

Security response

Security response is used to repel or catch attackers once an incident has already taken place. Security response is usually left to the police, but armed private security personnel are used when appropriate.

Security response teams train in the actual situation to become accustomed to the sights and sounds of active alarms and to remove the confusion caused by these alarm. A standard attacker will not have this training and react poorly to a changing environment.

If the security response team is properly equipped with night vision material, flood lights can be doubly effective. First to help security response teams identify exactly where the intruder is located and then, as the team approaches the area, all lights are turned off giving the intruder night blindness.

Private security response teams normally are based on site or close to the site and work closely with the local police

3 element combinations

Each of the 3 elements; obstacles, alarms and security response can be used to augment another element. For example:

A fence originally designed to be an obstacle can become an alarm by attaching motion detectors
Double fenced areas with guard dogs
Placing signs that say there is an alarm makes that alarm an obstacle
A security response team that is visible on site acts as an obstacle and as an alarm

Physical security measures intended to prevent or deter someone from accessing a location or information can never be 100% effective. A locked door will keep a common criminal from entering a centrally located building at night, but that same criminal will break into an isolated house. A determined terrorist will always be able to reach some objective, as long as he is wiling to change his target to reach whatever is easiest.

Cindy King
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Nione Security named official supplier on ip video surveillance equipment to the Bank of China

Sun, 25 Jul 2010 13:43:30 +0000

Nione Security has been named as an official supplier of video surveillance equipment – both cameras and DVRs – to the Agricultural Bank of China, one of the four major state-owned banks in China. This is the second time, after the Bank of China, that Nione Security’s camera products have been listed by one of the four major Chinese banks.

While more than 80 camera vendors in the security industry were eager to gain a foothold in this important area, Nione Security was selected because of its leadership in digital surveillance, as well as excellent product performance and support. Nione Security will supply its reliable camera products and technical support services to create state-of-the-art monitoring solutions for the bank.

This endorsement not only demonstrates that Nione Security’s camera products are up to international standards but also confirms that the company is equipped with the know-how and resources to play an important role in the international security and surveillance market.

Yangzhong Hu, president of Nione Security, said: “We are very proud of being chosen by Agricultural Bank of China for the high performance and stability of our company’s products.”

“Nione Security is honored to provide the sophisticated products that ensure a secure environment for the Agricultural Bank of China,” said Polo Cai, vice president of Nione Security. “This endorsement has definitely motivated us to develop more powerful and cost-effective surveillance products to meet the various requirements from customers worldwide.”

In addition to cameras, Nione Security’s DVR products are also listed in the Agricultural Bank of China’s tender as they have been for a number of years now.

Charles Cai

Di Jiete: JT-2182H4A infrared camera disassemble evaluation – infrared camera – Security Industry

Sun, 25 Jul 2010 07:01:22 +0000

Introduction Involved in evaluating the current Di Jiete model JT-2182H4A Model Infrared Camera . The camera’s size is 220 × 170 × 98mm, weight is 1KG.

The overall appearance JT-2182H4A shape the overall structure of the materials for the high rigidity aluminum alloy, silver spray paint, round body in the cylindrical body layer, outer layer of silver metal texture of the cover plate, two levels of clever convergence layered strong, flowing lines, and with the outside Environment Seamless.

Internal structure JT-2182H4A day and night for the infrared camera, infrared light work of state relations for the automatic opening and, 24 hours a day and night Monitoring . Selected 35 8LED infrared camera light, infrared light evenly around the lens embedded in the built form a perfect round two. Manufacturers to produce materials according to specifications of the camera to reflect infrared light of wavelength 850NM, the effective detection range of infrared light as 40-50m , The most illumination to 0LUX. This again reflects the level of Di Jiete camera design sense.

JT-2182H4A built-in 1 / 3 SONY CCD image sensor, image 500 pixels (horizontal) × 582 (vertical) PAL, 510 (horizontal) × 492 (vertical) NTSC, 420 lines of horizontal resolution. Factory standard for the night vision lens 16mm, also provides 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, 12mm MTV scenes of four kinds of users need to select the camera on the ground with the lens specifications.

Features Description Evaluation in the evening, JT-2182H4A and other access control equipment, the cameras into operation, the back-end display of black and white screen, shoot a clear outline of the test objects, color distribution. In addition, manufacturers say, the video also incorporates lightning protection, can withstand 4000 volts or less pressure. We let the machines work continuously 4 hours, then the surface temperature of the camera test, the machine end of the test, the shell temperature is maintained at a stable level, to achieve test requirements. As the rain test, we also pay attention to see whether the glass front of the camera fog condensation, Detect Light board design used in the actual efficiency constant current, the camera no glass in the fog layer, indicating that the entire fuselage of JT-2182H4A good waterproof function.

Xiaobian Comments: JT-2182H4A constant current design effectively control the temperature of the camera, looks unique, innovative packaging, easy to install.

Company Introduction Dijie Te Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China Security and Protection Industry Association. There are cameras ( Standard Machine, hemispheric machine, infrared night vision one machine, automatic integration, etc.), smart ball (the ball low riot smart, intelligent high-speed ball), splitter, 12V1A, 12V2A waterproof power supply. Professional CCTV equipment manufacturer, is a research and development, production and sales of large-scale high-tech enterprises. The strong technical force, professional and technical personnel, the introduction of foreign countries in technology, product professional prominence, so that the majority of users have more choices. Our products have passed the Public Security Technical Security Department rigorous testing. Contact the manufacturer

Dijie Te Electronics Co., Ltd. Shenzhen

Address: Bantian, Longgang District, Shenzhen Science and Technology Industrial Park East 5th Floor, Block B, 7

Tel :00-86-755-89392021, 89392062 (50 lines) Fax :00-86-755-89392016, 89392762 Email: szdjt@szdjt.cn

Website: http://www.szdjt.cn

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